How to Download Mac Os X Lion 10.8 for Free Updated

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How to Download Mac Os X Lion 10.8 for Free

Non-Apple calculator running macOS

Hackintosh running Bone Ten Yosemite

A Hackintosh (a portmanteau of "Hack" and "Macintosh") is a computer that runs Apple's Macintosh operating organization macOS (formerly named "Mac OS 10" or "OS X") on figurer hardware not authorized for the purpose by Apple. [one] "Hackintoshing" began as a consequence of Apple tree'southward 2005 transition to Intel processors, away from PowerPC. Since 2005, Mac computers use the same x86-64 computer architecture as many other desktop PCs, laptops, notebooks and servers, meaning that in principle, the code making up macOS systems and software can be run on culling platforms with minimal compatibility problems. [2] Benefits cited for "Hackintoshing" tin include cost (older, cheaper or commodity hardware), ease of repair and piecemeal upgrade, and freedom to use customized choices of components that are not available (or not available together) in the branded Apple products. macOS can besides be run on several non-Apple virtualization platforms, although such systems are not usually described as Hackintoshes. Hackintosh laptops are sometimes referred to as "Hackbooks". [3] In recent years, the use of AMD processors has go mutual in Hackintoshes, thanks to the website AMD OS X. The popularity is due to the introduction of the powerful AMD Ryzen and Threadripper CPUs.

Apple tree's software license for macOS simply permits the software's employ on computers that are "Apple-branded." [iv] However, because modern Macintosh computers utilize Intel-based hardware, there are few limitations keeping the software from running on other types of Intel-based PCs. [five] Notably, companies such as Psystar take attempted to release products using macOS on not-Apple machines, [six] though many Hackintosh systems are designed solely past macOS enthusiasts of various hacking forums and communities. [7] While the methods Apple tree uses to prevent macOS from beingness installed on non-Apple tree hardware are protected from commercial circumvention in the United States past the Digital Millennium Copyright Act (DMCA), [8] specific changes to the law regarding the concept of jailbreaking [9] take placed circumvention methods like these into a legal grey area.

In 2020, Apple began to motility to ARM64-based Apple silicon processors. The company has said it will somewhen finish supporting the Intel64 architecture. [x]

History [ edit ]

Mac Os X Tiger (10.four) [ edit ]

On June six, 2005, Apple announced its plans to transition to Intel x86 processors at their Worldwide Developers Conference and fabricated available a paradigm Intel-based Mac to selected developers at a cost of $999 (equivalent to $i,390 in 2021). [11] Efforts immediately began to attempt to run Mac Os X on not-Apple hardware, but developers apace establish themselves with an mistake bulletin proverb that the PC hardware configurations were not supported. [12]

On January x, 2006, Apple tree released Mac OS X 10.4.iv with the showtime generation of Intel-based Macs, the iMac and the MacBook Pro. These machines used Extensible Firmware Interface (EFI) platform firmware instead of the older style BIOS establish on most x86 motherboards at the time. On February 14, 2006, an initial "hack" of Mac Bone 10 v10.4.4 was released on the Internet by a developer with the pseudonym crg92. [13] Within hours Apple released the x.4.5 update, [fourteen] which was then hacked past the same author within two weeks. [15] On Apr 3, 2006, Apple released their 10.iv.half-dozen update [16] and once more patches were released within ii weeks that allowed users to install most of this update on non-Apple tree computers, although this did not include the updated kernel in 10.4.6. In June 2006, an updated MacBook Pro was released for the 10.four.7 Mac Bone X update for not-Apple computers using the 10.4.4 kernel.

Upwardly to the release of the 10.four.8 update, all OSx86 patches used the x.4.four kernel with the residual of the operating system at version 10.4.8. However, the newer frameworks relied on the newer kernels and this led to users of x.4.8 encountering many issues. Apple also started making more than utilize of SSE3 instructions on their hardware making it even more difficult for users with CPUs supporting simply SSE2 (such equally older Pentium 4s) to get a fully compatible system running. To solve this problem, hackers from the customs released kernels where those instructions were emulated with SSE2 equivalents, although this produced a functioning penalty.

Throughout the years, many "distros" were released for download over the Internet. These distros were copies of the Mac OS X installer disc modified to include additional components necessary to make the Bone run on the non-Apple hardware. A prominent fellow member of the customs, JaS, released many distros of Mac Bone Ten Tiger containing patched kernels. Some other pop distros are iATKOS, Kalyway, iPC and iDeneb. Distros have fallen out of favour every bit the OSx86 community grew, as new bootloaders were adult that made information technology possible to use actual copies of the OS Ten Installer.

Mac Bone X Leopard (10.5) [ edit ]

Mac OS X v10.5 installing on a Lenovo laptop reckoner.

As early as Mac Os X v10.5 build 9A466 the customs has maintained a version of Leopard that can run on non-Apple hardware. A hacker by the handle of BrazilMac created one of the primeval patching processes that made it convenient for users to install Mac OS X onto 3rd party hardware by using a legally obtained, retail version of Apple Mac OS X. This simplification made the BrazilMac patch and its after revisions quickly the most pop selection for many distros. Five of the virtually popular builds become by the proper noun JaS, Kalyway, iATKOS, iPC and iDeneb – although more recently these builds are on the way out as the Boot-132 method (described below) gains popularity. However, all of these compilations rely on the work of kernel hackers made by Lorem (build 9A466), SynthetiX (builds 9A499, 9A527 and 9A559), ToH (builds 9A581, 9B13 and 9B18) and more recently a group calling themselves StageXNU (at present called Voodoo) (Darwin 9.four.0). Their contributions trickled down into the various Mac OSx86 installers, readily available on the Net. They continue to exist refined and updated builds released, not just to maintain compatibility with Apple tree releases but an ever-increasing number of third-party components. The OSx86 community has been quick to make the necessary modifications to enable Apple's latest releases to run on not-Apple hardware. Within hours of Leopard'due south release, an AMD/Intel SSE2/iii Kernel Patcher was created that removed the HPET requirement from an original untouched mach_kernel file, a core component of the Mac Bone.

Mac Os X Snow Leopard (10.six) [ edit ]

When "Snow Leopard" was released, Russian hacker netkas created a version of Chameleon that can boot Mac OS 10 v10.six. The master problem was that many people were forced to modify DSDT or utilise kexts due to some specific issues. As soon as possible modbin and dmitrik released examination versions of kernel that permit to kicking Snow Leopard on AMD machines. Stable XNU kernels for v10.half-dozen were released past Qoopz and Pcj. There are some popular builds based on Retail by the name Universal (Intel only), Hazard, and iAtkos. Since v10.6.two Nawcom, Qoopz, and Andy Vandijck have been working on Legacy kernel for unsupported CPUs.

Mac OS Ten Lion (10.vii) [ edit ]

When Apple released the Developer Preview 1, a Russian Hackintosh programmer usr-sse2 was the first who created a method to install King of beasts. The method consists of deploying Mac OS 10 v10.7 prototype on a flash bulldoze, and booting from it via XPC UEFI Bootloader (See DUET below). After some changes were made to the Chameleon source code, it became possible to boot King of beasts with an updated version of Chameleon. Afterward a while Dmitrik also known as Bronzovka had luck with creating a kernel that supported AMD systems; after a few months (10.7.3 V2 With AMD Support) and iAtkos L2 (10.7.ii Merely Intel) were released. [17]

Bone Ten Mountain King of beasts (ten.eight) [ edit ]

Shortly after the release of Programmer Preview i, some unknown developers managed to install this version of OS X to their PC by using a modified version of the Chameleon Bootloader. This version was released via the main project starting at version r1997 [18] to the general public. Due to the problems sourced during the King of beasts era,[ clarification needed ] other means of installing and required patches were never fabricated public, which leaves the scene in an unknown state towards Mountain Lion.[ citation needed ]

Since the retail release of Mountain Panthera leo several users have reported successful setups using installers purchased from the Mac App Shop, along with updated versions of Chameleon and other tools including distros. Niresh's Distro (10.8 Intel only) was get-go released and then was updated to 10.8.2 (With AMD and Intel) and ten.eight.5 (With UEFI Support, AMD and Intel Support) versions; iAtkos ML2 was released afterwards Niresh's Release. [nineteen] [20] [21] [22]

Os Ten Mavericks (10.9) [ edit ]

Multiple new kernels for Hackintosh 10.9 are in the works, although there even so are minor issues with most of them. Most of these kernels aim to permit users to run Mavericks on AMD and older Intel CPUs, which lack sure instruction sets of the latest Intel CPUs. Significant efforts have been made to emulate instruction sets similar SSSE3, which are not present on AMD K10-based CPUs, and older Intel CPUs, similar the Intel Core Duo. AMD's latest CPUs, from the 'Bulldozer' architecture onwards, contain almost all the latest instruction sets, and hence, some kernels with full SSE4 support have also been released. Later on two months, Niresh'due south Distro was released for Mavericks, which supports AMD CPUs and latest Intel CPUs. Information technology also has a custom kernel that allows Intel Atom processors to boot into Mavericks. Niresh'due south was the merely free distro that was released for Mavericks, since the iAtkos Squad decided to release their Mavericks distro for specific hardware on donation ground. [23] [24]

OS 10 Yosemite (10.10) [ edit ]

After the initial release of Bone 10 Yosemite x.10 BETA, various developers took on the role of updating their bootloaders for the organisation. Members of OSx86 forum InsanelyMac set up to update the EFI Bootloader Chameleon for this new OS release. Some time afterward, Niresh (an independent OSx86 developer) released a standalone tool known equally Yosemite Zone, which would automatically install the new Os and other various features on a non-Apple device with minimal input. This method consisted of torrenting an OS X 10.ten DMG onto a USB flash drive with MacPwn Vanilla Installation. Unibeast was updated to support Yosemite, [25] and a distribution of Yosemite Zone was released with AMD processor back up. A vanilla installation of Yosemite is possible via Insanelymac's Pandora Box Beta 2.0 and UniBeast. This type installation uses as few kexts (drivers) as possible in addition to using an unaltered version of the OS X installation app, and is preferred over distributions. [26] [27] [28]

Bone X El Capitan (10.11) [ edit ]

Both Clover and Chameleon were updated to be compatible with El Capitan. Unibeast [29] and MacPwn [30] were updated to support El Capitan every bit well, since El Capitan, Unibeast (and Multibeast) utilize the Clover bootloader instead of Bubble (a Chameleon-based bootloader).

macOS Sierra (ten.12) [ edit ]

Clover and Chameleon were updated to exist compatible with Sierra. UniBeast, [31] Pandora Box and MacPwn [32] were updated to support it [33] and a distribution of Sierra Zone [34] (10.12.3) was released with AMD processor support.

macOS Loftier Sierra (10.13) [ edit ]

Clover, MacPwn, [35] OpenCore [36] and UniBeast [37] were updated to support it. A distro of High Sierra Zone by Hackintosh Zone [38] (x.13) was released with AMD Processor support including Ryzen CPUs.

macOS Mojave (10.fourteen) [ edit ]

Clover was updated to support Mojave with revision 4514. [39] UniBeast besides received Mojave back up for Intel-based machines. [40] A distro of Hackintosh Mojave by Hackintosh Zone [41] (ten.14) was released. Apple has also discontinued back up for NVIDIA Spider web Drivers from the first release of macOS Mojave, to electric current.

macOS Catalina (x.15) [ edit ]

Clover r4945 was the first version of Clover to support macOS Catalina, kickoff with the first developer beta of macOS Catalina ten.15. [42] UniBeast was updated for macOS Catalina support, simply there has not all the same been a MultiBeast release for Catalina. [43] For the start public stable release of macOS x.xv, AMD patches were also released, assuasive the booting of macOS Catalina on AMD CPU systems. [44] A new bootloader began to emerge during this time, chosen OpenCore. OpenCore is a successor to Clover, and a necessity for AMD users beyond macOS 10.fifteen.2. [45] [46]

macOS Big Sur (eleven) [ edit ]

macOS Big Sur works on Intel processors. But in 2020, Apple tree began to motility to ARM64-based Apple silicon processors, and volition eventually end supporting the Intel64 architecture. [x] This may hateful the terminate of Hackintosh computers in their current form.

macOS Monterey (12) [ edit ]

Some new features of macOS Monterey, such every bit a 3D earth of Earth in Maps and text-to-speech in additional languages, work only on Apple silicon processors. Rene Ritchie has speculated that the features crave Apple tree'south Neural Engine. [47] [48] Apple has provided no official explanation.

Legal bug and Apple's objections [ edit ]

Apple does non qualify the apply of macOS on any x86 PC other than those which information technology has manufactured. Afterward announcing its switch to Intel'due south fries, the company used technical ways (although not the Trusted Platform Module, or TPM, equally has been widely misreported [49] ), to tie macOS to the systems it distributed to developers. [50]

The macOS EULA forbids installations of macOS on a "non-Apple tree-branded computer". [4] On July three, 2008, Apple filed a lawsuit against Psystar Corporation [51] for violating this restriction, amidst other claims. [52] Apple claimed Psystar "violated the Digital Millennium Copyright Human action (DMCA) past dodging copy-protection technologies Apple uses to protect Mac OS X." Apple employs technological protection measures that finer control access to Apple's copyrighted works. Specifically, Apple charged Psystar with acquiring or creating code that "avoids, bypasses, removes, descrambles, decrypts, deactivates or impairs a technological protection measure without Apple's authority for the purpose of gaining unauthorized access to Apple tree'due south copyrighted works." [53] The legal cursory revealed that Apple considers the methods that information technology uses to prevent macOS from beingness installed on non-Apple tree hardware to be protected past the Digital Millennium Copyright Act (DMCA).

On November 13, 2009, the court granted Apple tree's motion for summary judgment and found Apple tree's copyrights were violated too as the DMCA when Psystar installed Apple'southward operating organization on non-Apple computers. A hearing on remedies was set up for December 14. [8] [54]

On Jan fourteen, 2009, the Gadget Lab site of Wired Magazine posted a video tutorial for installing Mac OS X on an MSI Air current netbook, but removed it following a complaint from Apple tree. [55] Textual instructions remain, simply include an EULA violation disclaimer. [56]

On May xv, 2012, the case Apple tree vs. Psystar Corporation ended. The court ruled that Psystar had "violated Apple tree's exclusive reproduction correct, distribution right, and right to create derivative works," [57] putting an end to the case.

Hacking approaches [ edit ]

Kernel hacks [ edit ]

When copies of Mac OS X Tiger started running on non-Apple hardware, it was establish that some processors were unable to run the Bone. Rosetta, a binary translator that made information technology possible to run PowerPC programs on Intel processors, (and later the kernel itself) required the support of the SSE3 instruction fix. To circumvent this, programmers in the customs released patched kernels, which included back up for emulating SSE3 instructions using SSE2 equivalents. In October 2005, Apple released update x.4.3 to developers that required NX scrap microprocessor back up; [58] however, patches were released to circumvent this equally well. [59] Patched kernels were besides afterwards released that supported AMD processors.

When Mac Bone X Leopard released on October 26, 2007, patches were created to remove the HPET requirement from the kernel. Efforts were also fabricated to emulate the SSSE3 instruction set for processors that did not back up it. The kernel used by OS X Mavericks made utilize of SSSE3 instructions, requiring those patches.

Kicking loaders and emulators [ edit ]

EFI emulation [ edit ]

Extensible Firmware Interface (EFI) is a specification that defines a software interface between an operating organisation and platform firmware. Since emulating the EFI does not mostly require copying or modifying macOS, information technology is considered by some hackers to be the legal way of installing macOS on not-Apple computers (despite beingness untested in courts).[ commendation needed ]

The piece of work started with EFI emulation in the form of David Elliot (dfe)'southward modified version of Boot-132 chosen "Darwin/x86", which has a "FakeEFI" system that emulates EFI. [60] In early November 2007, a grouping of hackers (fronted by a Russian hacker known as Netkas), using Elliot'due south code, developed a method [61] of emulating an EFI environment using a particularly modified Darwin bootloader. [62] In applied terms, this meant that regular PCs meeting a gear up of hardware requirements could at present exist "seen" equally real Macintosh computers by the OS, allowing the employ of unmodified, "stock" Apple kernels (as long as the CPU supports it) and thus giving more transparent and reliable performance. Several methods for real world deployment of this innovative solution have arisen around the Internet. An explanation of this achievement forth with a usage guide was provided by the website DigitMemo.com. [63]

True EFI emulation was a highly sought after asset for the OSx86 community. Previous efforts based upon Apple'southward open source Darwin Project and Hackintosh gurus allowed users to use macOS on normal PCs, with patched kernels/kernel modules that but bypassed EFI. Using the EFI patch, a Hackintosh could boot off "vanilla" (unmodified) macOS kernels and use vanilla kernel extensions. This not only immune the arrangement to exist compatible with hereafter arrangement updates, but also offered increased stability. This method also circumvents ane aspect of Apple's End User License Agreement, which states that the modification of not-Open Source components of the OS is forbidden. [iv]

In mid-2008, a new commercial product, EFi-X, was released that claims to allow total, elementary booting off official Leopard install disks, and a subsequent install, without whatever patching required, but this is peradventure a repackaging of Kicking-132 technology in a USB-attached device. [64] Rebel EFI is another commercial product that as well seems to use Open Source software. [65]

It was thought[ by whom? ] that Windows 7'due south support of EFI would result in PC motherboards replacing BIOS with EFI. MSI announced the Efinity mainboard in early 2008. As of 2011, EFI-based computers have entered the marketplace, all the same none tin natively boot Mac Bone X due to the lack of a HFS+ driver in the EFI implementation.

Boot-132 [ edit ]

Boot-132 is a bootloader provided by Apple for loading the XNU kernel. [66] In mid-2008, a new modified Boot-132 came on to the scene. [67] This method allows users to carry the Leopard-based OSx86 installation using a stock, retail-purchased copy of Mac OS X Leopard and eradicates the necessity of a hacked installation like JaS or Kalyway (mentioned previously). The Kicking-132 bootloader essentially preloads an environment on the system from which Leopard can boot and operate. The bootloader stores the necessary files (kext files) in a .img collection or merely a folder. The luxury of this new installation method includes the power to boot and install from a retail Leopard DVD and update straight from Apple without breaking the DMCA. The only possible trouble here is that it breaks the macOS EULA. [68]

The bootloader behaves like the Linux kernel: one can use an mboot-compatible (a patched syslinux was used for the hack) bootloader that tells kick-dfe most the .img file (the ramdisk or initrd, as it's known by Linux users), and boot-dfe will then use the kexts (or mkext) from information technology. This new kicking-dfe has been tested with the retail Leopard DVD, and it tin kick, install, run Leopard without having to build a modified DVD.

Chameleon [ edit ]

Since the early developer builds of Mac OS Ten v10.half dozen, members of the OSx86 community had been booting the new operating system using yet some other bootloader called PC EFI provided past Russian hacker Netkas or the bootloader of the Voodoo team'south Chameleon. Chameleon is based on David Elliot's Boot-132. The bootloader supports ACPI, SMBIOS, graphics, ethernet, and some other injections. Information technology allows to boot up macOS on non-Macintosh hardware. Chameleon supports a lot of AMD as well as Nvidia graphics cards. There are a lot of forks of it by different developers; the latest version upstream is 2.2 from 2014. [69]

Clover [ edit ]

Clover is a GUI bootloader for multiple operating systems that supports either UEFI or the legacy BIOS mode. To back up booting EFI code, one of the two methods are conventionally taken: either Elliot's FakeEFI was used, or an actual open-source EFI system based on Intel's TianoCore chosen DUET (Developer'south UEFI Emulation) was flashed into the motherboard. [70] However, modern, non-Apple EFI firmware likewise as Duet cannot direct load macOS due to various incompatibilities, mainly around the HFS+ file organisation but also due to the quirks of individual vendors. I more pace was needed to load macOS systems: an EFI application to rectify these issues and bridge the gap.

Beginning in March 2011, Slice discussed his idea with other community members, resulting in the evolution of a bootloader that can do both: emulate an EFI firmware of one's option or use a Existent UEFI firmware to boot Mac OS Ten. Information technology contains EFI applications and drivers for correctly reading an HFS+ disk and patching EFI tables to set up the system for starting macOS. As of 2020, it is actively maintained. [71]

Ozmosis [ edit ]

Ozmosis is a UEFI DXE bootloader for Z77MX-QUO-AOS, developed by QUO Computer Inc. that is defunct in tardily 2010s. Information technology offers to run macOS through motherboard's UEFI rom, and no need additional drive space for bootloader.

OpenCore [ edit ]

OpenCore, started in 2019, is another bootloader developed to run macOS on UEFI or BIOS systems every bit well as old Mac devices that are no longer supported. [72] Compared to Clover, it is said to provide overall better patching and emulation as well as a faster kick time. The projection has also taken over the development of some patches, significant future versions may only piece of work with OpenCore. [73]

Live DVD [ edit ]

In March 2007, the OSx86 community made some significant progress with the development of a Live DVD. The Live DVD allows booting to a working organisation with Mac OS 10 v10.4.8.

On Jan 2, 2009, InsanelyMac's Live DVD squad published a new method by which a Mac Os Ten v10.5.10 Live DVD could exist produced, allowing users to boot a fully working macOS desktop from a DVD or USB wink bulldoze. [74] The method was more reliable than previous methods because information technology manipulated Apple tree's existing Netboot and Imageboot functionalities and behaved every bit if the system were running off a network disk. It was easier to produce; requiring but a single script to be added to an existing installation. Distributions of the live DVD have been made since its inception. Since then, it is notable that this method has been shown to piece of work on normal Apple Mac hardware.

Virtual machine [ edit ]

It is possible to run macOS as a virtual automobile within other operating systems installed on standard PC hardware by using virtualization software such as Oracle'south VirtualBox [75] [76] (though this is not officially supported past Oracle [77] ). It is also possible to install macOS on Windows and Linux versions of VMware software through the use of patches, [78] [79] even though the company states that running macOS is supported for VMware running on simply Apple computers in compliance with Apple tree's licensing policies. [80]

macOS on a virtual machine is typically very tiresome due to the operating arrangement'south heavy utilise of hardware video acceleration, which macOS does non support when using the virtual video devices typically used past virtual automobile software. A piece of work around is to attach a physical GPU to a virtual car, however this requires a macOS supported GPU in the organisation that is not in use by the host operating arrangement.[ citation needed ]

Come across likewise [ edit ]

References [ edit ]

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How to Download Mac Os X Lion 10.8 for Free

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